Bécquer, Gustavo Adolfo

▪ Spanish author

original name  Gustavo Adolfo Domínguez Bastida  

born February 17, 1836, Sevilla, Spain

died December 22, 1870, Madrid

      poet and author of the late Romantic period who is considered one of the first modern Spanish poets.

      Orphaned by age 11, Bécquer was strongly influenced by his painter brother, Valeriano. He moved to Madrid in 1854 in pursuit of a literary career, and from 1861 to 1868 he contributed to the newspaper El Contemporáneo and other periodicals. Troubled by an unhappy marriage and financial difficulties, Bécquer received acclaim only after his death from tuberculosis at age 34.

      Bécquer's major literary production consists of nearly 100 Rimas (“Rhymes”), a series of about 20 Leyendas (“Legends”) in prose, and the literary essays Cartas desde mi celda (1864; “Letters from My Cell”). Although many of his poems and prose works were published individually in El Contemporáneo, they did not appear in book form until after his death, when his friends collected his writings and published them in Obras, 2 vol. (1871; “Works”). His Rimas, probably his best-known works, are sensitive, restrained, and deeply subjective.

      Bécquer's poetry explores themes of love—particularly in connection with disillusionment and loneliness—and the mysteries of life and poetry. In sharp contrast to the rhetorical, dramatic style of the Romantic period, Bécquer's lyricism, in which assonance predominates, is simple and airy.

      Bécquer's prose pieces, Leyendas, are characterized by medieval settings, supernatural characters such as nymphs, and a mysterious, dreamlike atmosphere. Written in a lyrical, richly coloured style, the narratives are based upon the themes of love, death, and the world beyond. His spiritual autobiography, the series of letters Cartas desde mi celda, was composed at the monastery of Veruela, in northern Spain.

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