Ávila Camacho, Manuel

▪ president of Mexico

born April 24, 1897, Teziutlán, Mex.

died Oct. 13, 1955, Mexico City

      soldier and moderate statesman whose presidency (1940–46) saw a consolidation of the social reforms of the Mexican Revolution and the beginning of an unprecedented period of friendship with the United States.

      Ávila Camacho joined the army of Venustiano Carranza in 1914 and rose rapidly through the ranks. A skilled organizer and administrator, he was appointed head of the Ministry of War and Navy under President Abelardo Rodríguez and minister of national defense under President Lázaro Cárdenas (1937). Resigning from his post in 1939, he won the nomination of the government party, the PRM (Partido de la Revolución Mexicana), and was elected president in a government-controlled election in 1940.

      As president, Ávila Camacho pursued domestic policies of moderation and steady progress. Reacting against the anticlericalism of his predecessor, he pacified the Roman Catholic Church by a public announcement of his own faith. He also expanded the school system, built hospitals, sponsored social-security legislation, and supported limited land reform. His administration was noted primarily, however, for the new relationship it established with Mexico's neighbour to the north, the United States. The long-standing dispute over the expropriated U.S. oil properties was settled; Mexico supplied needed agricultural labour and raw materials for the Allied war effort, and it declared war on the Axis powers in 1942, even sending a squadron of pilots to serve in the Pacific.

      After the left-wing presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934–40), the regime of Ávila Camacho represented a turn to the right, a stabilizing of the thrust of reform, and an institutionalizing of social advances. Retiring from the presidency in 1946, Ávila Camacho remained an important political force for the rest of his life.

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