Ārif, ʿAbd al-Salāmʿ

▪ president of Iraq

born 1921, Baghdad, Iraq

died April 13, 1966, near Al-Nashwah

      Iraqi army officer and politician who was president of Iraq from 1963 to 1966.

      ʿĀrif, the son of a cloth merchant, graduated from military college in 1939 and during his military career trained with British troops in Germany. His rise to power began in 1958 when he, along with General ʿAbd al-Karīm Qāsim (Qāsim, ʿAbd al-Karīm), played a prominent role in the overthrow of the Hāshimite monarchy, then under Fayṣal II. After Qāsim was declared president, he named ʿĀrif deputy prime minister and minister of the interior. In December 1958, however, ʿĀrif was convicted of attempting to murder Qāsim and was condemned to death. He was pardoned and released in 1961.

      In 1963 ʿĀrif and the Baʿth Party overthrew Qāsim, and on February 8, 1963, ʿĀrif was named president. Nine months later, the Baʿthist government was toppled by troops led by ʿĀrif's brother, Brigadier General ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ʿĀrif. ʿAbd al-Salām announced on November 18, 1963, the formation of a Revolutionary Council. He also said he was assuming full powers for a year and longer if necessary. An ardent Arab nationalist, much of his effort centred on creating unity in the Arab world and peace among quarreling factions in his country. In early 1964 he negotiated a cease-fire with Kurdish nationalists in northern Iraq, but fighting resumed by the end of the year. Hoping to set up a civilian government that would take orders from him, ʿĀrif invited the prominent statesman ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Bazzāz (Bazzāz, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-) to form a new government in September 1965. In April 1966, however, ʿĀrif died in a helicopter accident. He was succeeded by his brother ʿAbd al-Raḥmān.

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