Albany, John Stewart, 2nd duke of

▪ Scottish regent

born c. 1484

died June 2, 1536

      regent of Scotland during the reign of James V and advocate of close ties between France and Scotland. His father, Alexander Stewart (c. 1454–85), the 1st duke of Albany of the second creation, died when he was scarcely more than an infant, and he was raised in France by his mother, Anne de la Tour d'Auvergne.

      In 1515, at the request of the Scottish Parliament, he came to Scotland from France. Inaugurated regent in July, he organized resistance to the English influence of the widow of James IV, Queen Margaret Tudor, whom he took prisoner at Stirling in August. He was declared heir to the throne on Nov. 13, 1516. Returning to France in 1517 he concluded the Treaty of Rouen, which renewed the alliance between France and Scotland and stipulated that a daughter of Francis I of France should marry James V of Scotland.

      Returning to Scotland at the close of 1521, he immediately became the object of English attacks. He reconciled himself temporarily with Margaret and was accused by the English government of scheming to marry her himself. This was denied by the Scots, and the English demand for the regent's dismissal was refused. War with England broke out in September 1522, but Albany had little success in the field and retired to France. Returning again in September 1523, he failed once more and finally left Scotland on May 20, 1524. His regency was expressly terminated by the declaration of Parliament later that year.

      From 1530 he acted as French ambassador in Rome. In 1533 he conducted Catherine de Médicis, his wife's niece, to France for her marriage to Henry (afterward Henry II of France). Thereafter much of his time was spent in protracted and fruitless negotiations for the marriage of James V. Albany died leaving no legitimate heir.

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