Lanusse, Alejandro Agustin

▪ 1997

      Argentine general and politician (b. Aug. 28, 1918, Buenos Aires, Arg.—d. Aug. 26, 1996, Buenos Aires), as president of Argentina from 1971 to 1973, attempted to restore democracy to the country. Born into an upper-middle-class family, Lanusse graduated from military college in 1938 and joined the cavalry. In 1951 he was sentenced to life in prison for his participation in a failed attempt to oust Pres. Juan Perón. When Perón was deposed in 1955, Lanusse was released and promoted to lieutenant colonel. He became part of the army's high command and aligned himself with Gen. Juan Carlos Onganía, who became president in 1966. Lanusse was named commander in chief of the army in 1968 and in March 1971 led a coup that brought him to power. Peronists and student militants, among others, protested Lanusse's regime, and the army employed violent tactics to silence the dissenters. With escalating unrest, Lanusse attempted to achieve stability by calling for free elections. He scheduled Argentina's first democratic polls in more than 20 years and reestablished political parties. The Peronists won the 1973 elections, and by year's end Perón was president. In the mid-1970s army hard-liners came to power and unleashed a "dirty war," in which as many as 30,000 people were killed or "disappeared." Lanusse denounced the violence and in 1985 testified against the deposed military rulers during their trial for human rights violations. In a three-volume autobiography, Lanusse cited mistakes made during military rule but continued to support the army. A committed anti-Peronist, he served 10 days of house arrest in 1994 for his criticism of Peronist Pres. Carlos Menem.

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