Kantrowitz, Arthur Robert
- Kantrowitz, Arthur Robert
-
▪ 2009
American physicist and engineer
born Oct. 20, 1913, New York, N.Y.
died Nov. 29, 2008, New York, N.Y.
helped bridge a theoretical understanding of fluid dynamics with practical applications, as demonstrated in his innovation of using shock waves through low-pressure gas in a tube to design the first nose cones for intercontinental missiles. From his work it was determined that the best protection for a nose cone returning to Earth from space at high speed through the atmosphere would be a surface material that would ablate, or slowly vaporize, carrying away friction-generated heat. He also carried out pioneering work in other areas that involved the complex behaviour of hot gases, such as thermonuclear fusion under magnetic containment, supersonic compressors, high-power lasers, and magnetohydrodynamics for electric-power generation. Later in his career he helped develop a temporary heart-assist pump with his brother Adrian (
Kantrowitz, Adrian ), a cardiovascular surgeon, and he devoted efforts to establish a so-called science court to deal with scientific controversies in public policy. Kantrowitz received a Ph.D. (1947) from Columbia University, New York City. He headed (1937–46) the gas dynamics section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (the predecessor of NASA) and was a professor (1946–58) at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. He founded (1955) and was CEO of Avco-Everett Research Laboratory. In 1978 he joined the faculty at the School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H.
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Universalium.
2010.
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