Hawkins, Frederick

▪ 1995

      ("ERICK"), U.S. modern dancer and choreographer (b. April 23, 1909, Trinidad, Colo.—d. Nov. 23, 1994, New York, N.Y.), was the first male dancer in Martha Graham's dance company; he later formed and danced in his own company. When he was a student at Harvard, reading Greek, Hawkins saw a performance by Harald Kreutzberg, a German modern dancer, and decided to make dance his career. After graduation (1930) he studied with Kreutzberg for two months in Austria. He moved to New York in 1934, studied ballet at George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein's newly formed School of American Ballet, and the following year began dancing with the American Ballet. In 1936 he also became a member of Ballet Caravan; Hawkins' first choreography, Show Piece (1937), was created for that company. After having performed (1938) as a guest artist with Graham's company, Hawkins began a relationship with her and in 1939 joined her company. They were married in 1948. In addition to creating leading roles in such Graham works as El Penitente, Appalachian Spring, and Night Journey, he handled the company's administrative work. He also presented some of his own works in her programs. In 1951 he left the company to organize his own group, which eventually became the Erick Hawkins Dance Company. He and Graham were divorced in 1954. Hawkins' works were deeply influenced by American Indian rituals, folklore, Zen Buddhism, Western and Eastern philosophies, and Asian theatre. His dances—among them, Here and Now with Watchers (1957), To Everybody Out There (1964), Angels of the Inmost Heaven (1972), Parson Weems and the Cherry Tree (1975), and Death Is the Hunter (1975)—employed his Normative Theory of Movement; the body movement was free, simple, and natural—unforced. Hawkins received the National Medal of Arts in October 1994.

* * *