Bachelet, Michelle

▪ 2007

 On March 11, 2006, Michelle Bachelet was sworn in as the first woman president of Chile. Although she represented the ruling centre-left Concertación coalition, Bachelet, a professed agnostic and a divorced mother of three, had faced a tough campaign in a country where Roman Catholicism was a strong force. She led the first round of voting in December 2005 but failed to receive a majority, which was required for winning outright. In the runoff election on Jan. 15, 2006, she defeated the conservative candidate, Sebastián Piñera, by 53.5–46.5%. The victory made Bachelet the first popularly elected woman president in South America whose political career had been established independent of her husband.

      Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria was born on Sept. 29, 1951, in Santiago. Her father was a general in Chile's air force, and her mother was an archaeologist. In 1973 her father was arrested for opposing the military coup that brought Gen. Augusto Pinochet to power, and he was tortured for several months before suffering a heart attack and dying in custody in 1974. Bachelet, then a medical student at the University of Chile, was arrested (along with her mother) and sent to a secret prison, where she was also tortured. Released into exile in 1975, she lived in Australia before moving to East Germany, where she became active in socialist politics and studied at the Humboldt University of Berlin. She returned to Chile in 1979 and subsequently completed her medical degree.

      Although Bachelet's family history made it difficult for her to find employment while Chile was under Pinochet's rule, eventually she joined a medical clinic that treated victims of torture. After Pinochet was ousted in 1990, Bachelet became active in politics, particularly in the medical and military fields. In 1994 she was appointed an adviser to the minister for health. She also studied military affairs at Chile's National Academy of Strategy and Policy and at the Inter-American Defense College in Washington, D.C. She was elected (1995) to the central committee of the Socialist Party, a component of the Concertación coalition. In 2000, when Pres. Ricardo Lagos Escobar—Chile's first Socialist president since Salvador Allende in 1973—was inaugurated, Bachelet was appointed health minister. Two years later she became the first woman to lead the Defense Ministry.

      Bachelet's presidential campaign focused on meeting the needs of the country's poor, reforming the pension system, promoting the rights of women, and recognizing constitutionally the rights of the indigenous Mapuche people. After her inauguration she particularly emphasized respect for human rights and the need for societal healing from the wounds of the Pinochet years. She also promised continuity in foreign affairs, especially regarding Chile's close ties with the U.S. and with other Latin American countries.

Editor

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▪ president of Chile

in full  Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria 

born September 29, 1951, Santiago, Chile

 

 Chilean politician, president of Chile (2006– ). She was the first woman president of Chile and the first popularly elected South American woman president whose political career was established independent of her husband.

      Bachelet's father was a general in Chile's air force, and her mother was an archaeologist. In 1973 her father was arrested for opposing the military coup that brought Augusto Pinochet (Pinochet, Augusto) to power and was tortured for several months before suffering a heart attack and dying in custody in 1974. Michelle Bachelet, then a medical student at the University of Chile, was arrested (along with her mother) and sent to a secret prison, where she also was tortured. Released into exile in 1975, Bachelet lived in Australia before moving to East Germany, where she became active in socialist politics and studied at the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1979 she returned to Chile and subsequently completed her medical degree.

      Although Bachelet's family history made it difficult for her to find employment in Pinochet's Chile, eventually she joined a medical clinic that treated victims of torture. After Pinochet was ousted from power in 1990, she became active in politics, particularly in the medical and military fields. In 1994 she was appointed an adviser to Chile's minister for health, and she subsequently studied military affairs at Chile's National Academy of Strategy and Policy as well as the Inter-American Defense College in Washington, D.C. Bachelet also was elected to the central committee of the Socialist Party (Partido Socialista). In 2000, when President Ricardo Lagos Escobar (Lagos, Ricardo) was inaugurated as Chile's first socialist president since Salvador Allende (Allende, Salvador) in 1973, Bachelet was appointed health minister, and in 2002 she became the first woman to lead the defense ministry.

      In 2005 Bachelet was selected by the Socialist Party as its presidential candidate. Her campaign focused on meeting the needs of the country's poor, reforming the pension system, promoting the rights of women, and recognizing constitutionally the rights of the indigenous Mapuche people. She also promised continuity in foreign affairs, especially regarding Chile's close ties with the United States and other Latin American countries. Important in a country where Roman Catholicism is strong, Bachelet's campaign had to counter her professed agnosticism and the fact that she was a divorced mother of three. She led the first round of voting in December 2005 but failed to receive a majority, which was required to win outright. In the runoff on January 15, 2006, she defeated the conservative candidate Sebastián Piñera, winning 53 percent of the vote, and she was sworn in as president in March.

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