MacLeish, Archibald

born May 7, 1892, Glencoe, Ill., U.S.

died April 20, 1982, Boston, Mass.

U.S. poet, playwright, teacher, and public official.

He practiced law before leaving for France in 1923 to perfect his poetic craft. His early poems "Ars Poetica" (1926) and "You, Andrew Marvell" (1930) are often anthologized. He later expressed his concern for democratic ideals in "public" verse such as Conquistador (1932, Pulitzer Prize) and Public Speech (1936). Other works include Collected Poems (1952, Pulitzer Prize) and the verse drama J.B. (1958, Pulitzer Prize). He served as librarian of Congress (1939–44) and assistant secretary of state (1944–45) and later taught at Harvard (1949–62).

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▪ American author, educator, and public official

born May 7, 1892, Glencoe, Ill., U.S.

died April 20, 1982, Boston, Mass.

 American poet, playwright, teacher, and public official, whose concern for liberal democracy figured in much of his work, although his most memorable lyrics are of a more private nature.

      MacLeish attended Yale University, where he was active in literature and football. He graduated in 1915 and then earned a law degree at Harvard. While there, he married Ada Hitchcock of Connecticut, a union that lasted for the rest of his life.

      After three years as an attorney in Boston, MacLeish went to France in 1923 to perfect his poetic craft. The verse he published during his expatriate years—The Happy Marriage (1924), The Pot of Earth (1925), Streets in the Moon (1926), and The Hamlet of A. MacLeish (1928)—shows the fashionable influence of Ezra Pound (Pound, Ezra) and T.S. Eliot (Eliot, T.S.). During this period he wrote his much-anthologized poem "Ars Poetica" (1926; “The Art of Poetry”). After returning to the United States in 1928, he published New Found Land (1930), which reveals the simple lyric eloquence that is the persistent MacLeish note. It includes one of his most frequently anthologized poems, "You, Andrew Marvell."

      In the 1930s MacLeish became increasingly concerned about the menace of fascism. Conquistador (1932, Pulitzer Prize), about the conquest and exploitation of Mexico, was the first of his “public” poems. Other poems were collected in Frescoes for Mr. Rockefeller's City (1933), Public Speech (1936), and America Was Promises (1939). His Collected Poems 1917–1952 (1952) was awarded a Pulitzer Prize. His radio verse plays include The Fall of the City (1937), Air Raid (1938), and The Great American Fourth of July Parade (1975).

      MacLeish served as librarian of Congress (1939–44) and assistant secretary of state (1944–45) and in various other governmental positions until 1949, when he became Boylston professor at Harvard, where he remained until 1962. His verse drama J.B., based on the biblical story of Job, was performed on Broadway in 1958 and won MacLeish his third Pulitzer Prize. A Continuing Journey (1968) and Riders on the Earth (1978) are collections of essays. Collected Poems 1917–1982 (1985) was published posthumously.

Additional Reading

Two biographies of MacLeish are Scott Donaldson and R.H. Winnick, Archibald MacLeish: An American Life (1992); and William H. MacLeish, Uphill with Archie: A Son's Journey (2001). Critical works include Signi Lenea Falk, Archibald MacLeish (1965); and Grover Smith, Archibald MacLeish (1971).

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