Haldane, John Scott

Haldane, John Scott
born May 3, 1860, Edinburgh, Scot.
died March 14/15, 1936, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Eng.

British physiologist and philosopher.

He developed procedures for studying the physiology of breathing and of the blood and devices for measuring hemoglobin and for analyzing blood gas and mixtures of gases. He discovered that breathing is regulated in large part by the effect of the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood on the brain's respiratory centre. He studied the effects of low air pressure, investigated the action of gases in mine suffocations and explosions (an important contribution to mine safety), and developed a staged decompression method for ascent from deep-sea dives. He also tried to clarify the philosophical basis of biology. He was the brother of Richard Burdon Haldane and the father of J.B.S. Haldane.

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▪ British physiologist

born May 3, 1860, Edinburgh, Scot.
died March 14/15, 1936, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Eng.

      British physiologist and philosopher chiefly noted for his work on the physiology of respiration.

      Haldane developed several procedures for studying the physiology of breathing and the physiology of the blood and for the analysis of gases consumed or produced by the body. Among his most widely used devices were the hemoglobinometer, an apparatus for the analysis of blood gas, and an apparatus for the analysis of mixtures of gases.

      In 1905 Haldane reported his fundamental discovery that the regulation of breathing is usually determined by the effect of the tension of carbon dioxide in the blood on the respiratory centre in the brain. In 1911 he led an expedition to Pikes Peak, Colo., where he studied the physiological effects of low barometric pressure. He investigated the action of gases that caused suffocation in coal miners and the pathological effects of carbon monoxide present after a mine explosion. His report in 1896 on the causes of death resulting from mine explosions and fires was an important contribution to mine safety. In 1907 he developed a method of stage decompression that made it possible for a deep-sea diver to ascend to the surface safely. Haldane was also a notable thinker who throughout his life tried to clarify the philosophical basis of biology, its relation to physics and chemistry, and the problems of mechanism and personality.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Haldane , John Scott — (1860–1936) British physiologist Haldane, the son of a lawyer, was educated at the university in his native city of Edinburgh, where he obtained his MD in 1884. He worked first at the University of Dundee but moved to Oxford to assist his uncle,… …   Scientists

  • Haldane, John Scott — (3 may. 1860, Edimburgo, Escocia–14/15 mar. 1936, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Inglaterra). Fisiólogo y filósofo británico. Elaboró procedimientos para estudiar la fisiología de la respiración y de la sangre e instrumentos para medir la hemoglobina y… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • John Scott Haldane — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Haldane. John Scott Haldane (3 mai 1860 15 mars 1936) était un physiologiste irlandais spécialisé dans la respiration. Biographie Haldane était le fils de Robert Haldane, et son grand père un évangéliste… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • John Scott Haldane — CH (May 3 1860 ndash; March 14/March 15 1936) was a Scottish physiologist famous for intrepid self experimenting which led to many important discoveries about the human body and the nature of gases.cite journal |last=Acott |first=C. |title=JS… …   Wikipedia

  • John Scott Haldane — (3 de mayo de 1860 15 de marzo de 1936) fue un filósofo y biólogo británico. Obra John Scott Haldane se opuso al mecanicismo y defendió la irreductibilidad de los fenómenos teleológicos (adaptación y regulación fisiológica) que aparecen en el… …   Wikipedia Español

  • John Scott Haldane — Familienstammbaum John Scott Haldane (* 3. Mai 1860 in Edinburgh; † 15. März 1936 in Oxford) war ein schottischer Physiologe und gilt als Begründer des methodischen Holismus …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Haldane , John Burdon Sanderson — (1892–1964) British geneticist Haldane, who was born at Oxford, became involved in scientific research at an early age through helping in the laboratory of his father, the physiologist John Scott Haldane. His interest in genetics was first… …   Scientists

  • John Scott Haldane — noun Scottish physiologist and brother of Richard Haldane and Elizabeth Haldane; noted for research into industrial diseases (1860 1936) • Syn: ↑Haldane, ↑John Haldane • Instance Hypernyms: ↑physiologist …   Useful english dictionary

  • John Burdon Sanderson Haldane — John Burdon Sanderson Haldane. Familienstammbaum John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (* 5. November 1892 in Edinburgh; † 1. Dezember …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Scott — Scott, David Scott, Robert Falcon Scott, Walter * * * (as used in expressions) James Scott Connors Dred Scott, sentencia Dred Scott v. Sandford Fitzgerald, F(rancis) Scott (Key) Forester, C(ecil) S(cott) Haldane, John Scott Hancock, Winfield… …   Enciclopedia Universal

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