De Niro, Robert

born Aug. 17, 1943, New York, N.Y., U.S.

U.S. film actor.

He made his debut in 1968 and played in minor films until his critically acclaimed performance in Bang the Drum Slowly (1973). He starred in Mean Streets (1973) and other films directed by Martin Scorsese, including Taxi Driver (1976), Raging Bull (1980, Academy Award), and GoodFellas (1990). Noted for his intensely committed performances, he also starred in The Godfather, Part II (1974, Academy Award), The Deer Hunter (1978), Once upon a Time in America (1984), Heat (1997), and Meet the Parents (2000). He directed his first film, A Bronx Tale, in 1993.

* * *

▪ American actor

born Aug. 17, 1943, New York, N.Y., U.S.

      American actor famous for his uncompromising portrayals of violent and abrasive characters.

      The son of two Greenwich Village artists, De Niro dropped out of school at age 16 to study at the Stella Adler (Adler, Stella) Conservatory of Acting. After working in a few Off-Off-Broadway plays, he appeared in his first film, Brian De Palma (De Palma, Brian)'s The Wedding Party (1963, released 1969). During the next four years he appeared in several minor films, the most notable being The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight (1971). It was not until his performance in Bang the Drum Slowly (1973) that he was widely recognized as an excellent actor. Mean Streets (1973) marked De Niro's first association with director Martin Scorsese (Scorsese, Martin), with whom he would do some of his most celebrated work. Director Francis Ford Coppola (Coppola, Francis Ford), whose massively popular The Godfather (1972) had won the best picture Oscar, was so impressed by De Niro in Mean Streets that he offered the actor the part of young Vito Corleone in The Godfather, Part II (1974), forgoing even a screen test. De Niro's brilliant take on the part that was created by Marlon Brando (Brando, Marlon, Jr.) in the first Godfather film earned him a best supporting actor Oscar and made him an international star.

 Following The Godfather, Part II, De Niro worked with some of the cinema's most noted directors in such films as Bernardo Bertolucci (Bertolucci, Bernardo)'s 1900 (1976), Elia Kazan (Kazan, Elia)'s The Last Tycoon (1976), and Michael Cimino's The Deer Hunter (1978), the last one receiving the Oscar for best picture. But it was his films with Scorsese for which De Niro acquired a reputation for masterfully portraying extremely dark and unappealing figures. He received an Oscar nomination for his role as the isolated and violent Travis Bickle in Taxi Driver (1976) and won the best actor Oscar for his portrayal of boxer Jake La Motta (La Motta, Jake) in Raging Bull (1980). Known for his intense role preparation, De Niro spent weeks driving a taxi in New York City before filming Taxi Driver, and he gained more than 50 pounds (about 23 kg) to portray La Motta. By the end of the 1970s, he was widely considered one of the best actors of his generation.

 In the 1980s he appeared in a series of box office failures that have nevertheless become cult favourites. Scorsese's The King of Comedy (1983), which offered a desolate look at the hazards of celebrity, won critical praise but little public interest, whereas Sergio Leone (Leone, Sergio)'s epic Once upon a Time in America (1984) suffered from postproduction studio interference, as did Terry Gilliam's futuristic satire Brazil (1985). De Niro also performed in more conventional films during that era, including True Confessions (1981), Falling in Love (1984), The Mission (1986), and De Palma's The Untouchables (1987). He revealed a talent for comedy in Midnight Run (1988) and won some of the best notices of his career for his depiction of a catatonic patient in Awakenings (1990). GoodFellas (1990) reunited De Niro with Scorsese for a brutal look at organized crime. Most critics agreed that Scorsese and De Niro had returned to form, but two further collaborations, Cape Fear (1991) and Casino (1995), were met with mixed reviews.

      De Niro's later notable films include the crime thriller Heat (1995), which pitted him against actor Al Pacino (Pacino, Al), and the popular comedies Wag the Dog (1997), Analyze This (1999), and Meet the Parents (2000) and its sequel, Meet the Fockers (2004). In 2008 De Niro reteamed with Pacino in the police drama Righteous Kill and starred as a Hollywood producer struggling with personal and professional issues in Barry Levinson's What Just Happened?.

      In addition to acting, De Niro also directed several films. In 1993 he made his directorial debut with A Bronx Tale, a movie about the Mafia set in the 1960s. He later directed the highly acclaimed The Good Shepherd (2006), which centres on the origins of the CIA and the compromises made by an agent over the span of his career.

Additional Reading

Douglas Brode, The Films of Robert De Niro, rev. and updated ed. (1996); John Parker, De Niro (1995).

* * *