Brown, Ford Madox

born April 16, 1821, Calais, Fr.

died Oct. 6, 1893, London, Eng.

British painter.

He studied in Bruges, Antwerp, Paris, and Rome. In Italy (1845) he met Peter von Cornelius, a member of the Nazarenes, who influenced his palette and style. His use of brilliant colour, meticulous handling, and taste for literary subjects had a strong effect on the Pre-Raphaelites, most notably Dante Gabriel Rossetti. His most famous paintings are The Last of England (1852–55), a poignant tribute to emigration, and Work (1852–63), a Victorian social commentary. In 1861 he became a founding member of William Morris's company, for which he designed stained glass and furniture.

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▪ British painter

born April 16, 1821, Calais, France

died October 6, 1893, London, England

 English painter whose work is associated with that of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, although he was never a member.

      Brown studied art from 1837 to 1839 in Bruges and Antwerp, Belgium. His early work is characterized by sombre colour and dramatic feeling suited to the Byronic subjects that he painted in Paris during 1840–43, such as Manfred on the Jungfrau (c. 1840) and Parisina's Sleep (1842). Already concerned with the accurate representation of natural phenomena, he drew from corpses in University College Hospital in London when painting his Prisoner of Chillon (1843). During a visit to Italy in 1845, he met Peter von Cornelius (Cornelius, Peter von), a member of the former Lukasbund, or Nazarenes (Nazarene). This meeting undoubtedly influenced both Brown's palette and his style. His interest in brilliant, clear colour and neomedievalism first appears in Wyclif Reading His Translation of the Scriptures to John of Gaunt (1847). In 1848 Brown briefly accepted Dante Gabriel Rossetti (Rossetti, Dante Gabriel) as a pupil, and in 1850 Brown contributed to the Pre-Raphaelites' magazine, Germ. Like William Holman Hunt (Hunt, William Holman), Brown painted in the open air to obtain naturalistic accuracy.

 His most famous picture, Work (1852–63), which can be seen as a Victorian social document, was first exhibited at a retrospective exhibition held in London (1865), for which he wrote the catalog. He also worked as a book illustrator with William Morris (Morris, William); produced stained glass, at, among other sites, St. Oswald's, Durham (1864–65); and between 1879 and 1893 completed a series of 12 murals for the Manchester town hall, depicting scenes from the city's history.

Additional Reading

Teresa Newman and Ray Watkinson, Ford Madox Brown and the Pre-Raphaelite Circle (1991); Virginia Surtees (ed.), The Diary of Ford Madox Brown (1981).

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