Boyle, Kay

born Feb. 19, 1902, St. Paul, Minn., U.S.

died Dec. 27, 1992, Mill Valley, Calif.

U.S. writer.

Boyle lived in Europe during the 1920s and '30s. Later she served as a European correspondent for The New Yorker (1946–53). Her writing is noted for its elegant style and consistently leftist stance. Her novels, which include Plagued by the Nightingale (1931) and Generation Without Farewell (1960), are less highly regarded than her short stories, which include "The White Horses of Vienna," "Keep Your Pity," and "Defeat."

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▪ American author

born February 19, 1902, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.

died December 27, 1992, Mill Valley, California

      American writer and political activist noted throughout her career as a keen and scrupulous student of the interior lives of characters in desperate situations.

      Boyle grew up mainly in Europe, where she was educated. Financial difficulties at the onset of World War I took the family back to the United States, to Cincinnati, Ohio. In June 1923 she married and soon moved with her husband to France. Shortly after settling there she began publishing poems and short stories regularly in such influential expatriate periodicals as Broom and transition and in Harriet Monroe (Monroe, Harriet)'s Poetry; and in 1929 she published her first book, a collection entitled Wedding Day and Other Stories.

      Her first novel, Plagued by the Nightingale, appeared in 1931. In that year she divorced her first husband and married Laurence Vail, an expatriate American writer with whom she lived in the French Alps until July 1941, when she returned to the United States. After World War II, married for a third time, she was stationed in France and West Germany while serving as foreign correspondent for The New Yorker (1946–53). She and her third husband, Joseph, baron von Franckenstein, an Austrian who became an American citizen and worked for the U.S. foreign service, faced Senate loyalty hearings during the McCarthy era. Boyle later taught at several colleges and universities in the United States, notably San Francisco State College (now University). Believing that privilege brings social responsibility, she was a political activist throughout her life.

      Boyle twice won the O. Henry Award for outstanding short stories, for "The White Horses of Vienna" (1935) and "Defeat" (1941). Among her notable novels are Monday Night (1938) and Generation Without Farewell (1960). Her major short-story collections include The White Horses of Vienna, and Other Stories (1936), The Smoking Mountain: Stories of Postwar Germany (1951), and Fifty Stories (1980). Two critically acclaimed verse collections are Testament for My Students and Other Poems (1970) and This Is Not a Letter and Other Poems (1985). Her complete verse was published in Collected Poems of Kay Boyle (1991).

      Boyle and Robert McAlmon (McAlmon, Robert) coauthored Being Geniuses Together, 1920–1930 (1968, reissued 1997), a book McAlmon began in 1934 that was revised after his death by Boyle, who wrote alternate chapters and added an afterword. The book provides a detailed, firsthand portrait of the expatriate writers in Paris during the 1920s. Words That Must Somehow Be Said: Selected Essays of Kay Boyle, 1927–1984 was published in 1985. Process, a long-lost first novel by Boyle (written about 1924) was discovered and edited by Sandra Spanier and published posthumously in 2001.

      Boyle's early works centre on the conflicts and disappointments that individuals encounter in their search for romantic love. Her later fiction usually deals with the need for an individual's commitment to wider political or social causes as a prerequisite to attaining self-knowledge and fulfillment. Her writing is marked by great intelligence and sophistication, finely wrought and sometimes almost private language, and, particularly early on, a fascination with the morbid, decadent, and fastidious.

Additional Reading

Biographies include Sandra Whipple Spanier, Kay Boyle, Artist and Activist (1986); and Joan Mellen, Kay Boyle: Author of Herself (1994). Also of interest are M. Clark Chambers, Kay Boyle: A Bibliography (2002); and Marilyn Elkins (ed.), Critical Essays on Kay Boyle (1997).

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