- Spitsbergen
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/spits"berr'geuhn/, n.a group of islands in the Arctic Ocean, N of and belonging to Norway. 3431; 24,293 sq. mi. (62,920 sq. km).Also, Spitzbergen. Norwegian, Svalbard.
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Island group, Norway.The main island group in the Svalbard archipelago, Spitsbergen lies 360 mi (580 km) north of Norway in the Arctic Ocean. The chief islands are Spitsbergen (formerly West Spitsbergen), North East Land, Edge Island, and Barents Island. The islands may have been known to the Vikings. Possession of the Spitsbergen islands was disputed by several European nations in the 17th century over whaling rights and in the 20th century over mining rights. Norway took formal possession in 1925. Spitsbergen has extensive coal deposits.* * *
main island within the archipelago of Svalbard (q.v.).formerly West Spitsbergen (Vestspitsbergen)largest island of the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, and part of Norway. Spitsbergen, with an area of 15,075 square miles (39,044 square km), is approximately 280 miles (450 km) long and ranges from 25 to 140 miles (40 to 225 km) wide.The terrain is mountainous, and most of the island is covered with glaciers. The highest point on the island is Mount Newton (5,633 feet [1,717 metres]) in the northeast. Other notable peaks include Hornsundtind (4,695 feet [1,431 metres]) and Drygalski Crest (4,669 feet [1,423 metres]). Many other peaks on the mountainous west coast have elevations over 3,000 feet (900 metres).Spitsbergen is deeply indented by fjords; Longyear city on Is Fjord (the largest fjord on the west coast) is the island's main settlement. Most of the island's few settlements are mining communities on the west coast. Both Norwegians and Russians have mined the rich coal deposits; the island had a sizable Russian community until the 1990s. Cruise ships dock at Longyear, and tourists can make walking tours of the island's scenic landscapes. National parks and nature reserves are a feature of the island.* * *
Universalium. 2010.
