nuclease

nuclease
/nooh"klee ays', -ayz', nyooh"-/, n. Biochem.
any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of nucleic acids.
[1900-05; NUCLE(IC) + -ASE]

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      any enzyme that cleaves nucleic acids. Nucleases, which belong to the class of enzymes called hydrolases, are usually specific in action, ribonucleases acting only upon ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleases acting only upon deoxyribonucleic acids ( DNA). Some enzymes having a general action (such as phosphoesterases, which hydrolyze phosphoric acid esters) can be called nucleases because nucleic acids are susceptible to their action. Nucleases are found in both animals and plants.

      Restriction enzymes (restriction enzyme) are nucleases that split only those DNA molecules in which they recognize particular subunits. Some split the target DNA molecule at random sites (Type I), but others split the molecule only at the recognition site (Type II) or at a fixed distance from the recognition site (Type III). Type II and III restriction enzymes are powerful tools in the elucidation of the sequence of bases in DNA molecules. They play a fundamental role in the field of recombinant DNA technology, or genetic engineering.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Nuclease — Nucléase Les nucléases sont des enzymes qui coupent les liaisons phosphodiesters des brins d acide nucléique entre deux nucléotides[1]. Sources ↑ Conseil consultatif canadien de la biotechnologie Glossaire Liens internes …   Wikipédia en Français

  • nuclease — nuclease. См. нуклеаза. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • nuclease — [no͞o′klē ās΄, nyo͞o′klē ās΄] n. [ NUCLE(O) + ASE] any of various enzymes that speed up the hydrolysis of nucleic acids …   English World dictionary

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  • Nucléase — Les nucléases sont des enzymes qui coupent les liaisons phosphodiesters des brins d acide nucléique entre deux nucléotides[1]. Notes et références ↑ Conseil consultatif canadien de la bi …   Wikipédia en Français

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  • nuclease — A class of largely bacterial enzymes that degrade DNA or RNA molecules by catalysing the cleavage of the phosphodiester bonds that link adjacent nucleotides. For deoxyribonuclease (DNAse) the substrate is DNA, for ribonuclease (RNAse) the… …   Glossary of Biotechnology

  • Nuclease protection assay — is a laboratory technique used in biochemistry and genetics to identify individual RNA molecules in a heterogeneous RNA sample extracted from cells. The technique can identify one or more RNA molecules of known sequence even at low total… …   Wikipedia

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  • nuclease — noun Date: 1902 any of various enzymes that promote hydrolysis of nucleic acids …   New Collegiate Dictionary

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