histone

histone
/his"tohn/, n. Biochem.
any of a group of five small basic proteins, occurring in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, that organize DNA strands into nucleosomes by forming molecular complexes around which the DNA winds.
[1880-85; HIST- + -ONE]

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Any of a class of rather simple proteins occurring in cell nuclei and in combination with DNA to form nucleoproteins.

They can be obtained from both plants and animals. Unlike most proteins, they dissolve readily in water. They were discovered с 1884.

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      any of a group of simple alkaline proteins usually occurring in cell nuclei, combined ionically with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) to form nucleoproteins (q.v.). A unit in which a molecule of a histone is bound to a segment of the DNA chain of genetic material is termed a nucleosome. It has been suggested that changes in these units are associated with changes in the physical state and function of the chromatin during cell division and the transcription of the genetic message. Discovered in avian red blood cell nuclei by Albrecht Kossel about 1884, histones are water-soluble and contain large amounts of basic amino acids, particularly lysine and arginine. They are abundant in the thymus and pancreas.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • Histone H1 — Histone Structure d un nucléosome. On distingue les extrémités N terminales des histones se projetant à l extérieur de la partie globulaire du nucléosome Les histones sont des protéines basiques en contact étroit avec l ADN. À ce jour, cinq… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • histone — [ istɔn ] n. f. • 1904; histon 1890; du gr. histos « tissu » ♦ Biochim. Protéine basique du noyau cellulaire. Les histones forment des complexes avec l A. D. N. et interviennent dans l expression du message génétique. ● histone nom féminin… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Histone — Histone, stickstoffreiche Eiweißkörper von entschieden basischem Charakter, die durch Alkalien gefällt werden, im Überschuß aber meist löslich sind. Sie lösen sich leicht in Säuren. H. kommen als solche nicht vor, bilden aber, gepaart mit einer… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Histone — Histone, mit der DNA zu Nucleohistonen verbundene, arginin und lysinreiche Proteine; spielen unter den basischen Proteinen, die die Eukaryoten DNA neutralisieren, eine herausragende Rolle. H. hemmen Replikation und Transkription …   Deutsch wörterbuch der biologie

  • histone — 1885, from Ger. histon (1884); see HISTO (Cf. histo ) + ONE (Cf. one) …   Etymology dictionary

  • histone — [his′tōn΄] n. [< Gr histos (see HISTO ) + ONE] any of a group of strongly basic, simple proteins found in the nucleus of cells and associated with DNA: they are sometimes poisonous when injected into an animal and prevent the clotting of blood …   English World dictionary

  • Histone — In biology, histones are the chief protein components of chromatin. They act as spools around which DNA winds, and they play a role in gene regulation. Without histones, the unwound DNA in chromosomes would be very long. For example, each human… …   Wikipedia

  • Histone — Structure d un nucléosome. On distingue les extrémités N terminales des histones se projetant à l extérieur de la partie globulaire du nucléosome Les histones sont des protéines très riches en acides aminés basiques, que l on trouve dans le noyau …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Histone — Dieser Artikel oder Abschnitt ist nicht hinreichend mit Belegen (Literatur, Webseiten oder Einzelnachweisen) versehen. Die fraglichen Angaben werden daher möglicherweise demnächst gelöscht. Hilf Wikipedia, indem du die Angaben recherchierst und… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Histone H3 — protein Name = H3 histone, family 3A caption = width = HGNCid = 4764 Symbol = H3F3A AltSymbols = H3F3 EntrezGene = 3020 OMIM = 601128 RefSeq = NM 002107 UniProt = Q66I33 PDB = ECnumber = Chromosome = 1 Arm = q Band = 41 LocusSupplementaryData =… …   Wikipedia

  • Histone H1 — protein Name = H1 histone family, member 0 caption = HGNCid = 4714 Symbol = H1F0 AltSymbols = H1FV EntrezGene = 3005 OMIM = 142708 RefSeq = NM 005318 UniProt = P07305 PDB = ECnumber = Chromosome = 22 Arm = q Band = 13.1 LocusSupplementaryData =… …   Wikipedia

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