endoplasmic reticulum

endoplasmic reticulum
Cell Biol.
a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum), involved in the transport of materials. See illus. under cell.
[1945-50]

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 in biology, a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell and is important in the biosynthesis, processing, and transport of proteins (protein) and lipids. The ER usually constitutes more than half of the membranous content of the cell and is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. The close association of the ER with the nucleus facilitates communication about protein processing. This allows the ER to rapidly send signals to the nucleus when problems in the biosynthesis and folding of proteins occur and thus influences the overall rate of translation of proteins in the nucleus. The ER has two distinct regions. The first, called the rough ER (RER), named for its rough appearance due to the ribosomes attached to its outer cytoplasmic surface, is found in the region of the ER immediately associated with the nuclear envelope. The RER synthesizes secretory proteins, phospholipids, and membrane. The second region of the ER, the smooth ER (SER), is not associated with ribosomes. The SER is involved in the synthesis of lipids and the detoxification of some toxic chemicals. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized SER that regulates the calcium ion concentration in the cytoplasm of striated muscle cells. See also cell.

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Universalium. 2010.

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  • endoplasmic reticulum — endoplasmic reticulum. См. эндоплазматический ретикулюм. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.

  • endoplasmic reticulum —  Endoplasmic Reticulum  (ER)  Эндоплазмический ретикулум (ЭР)  1. Шероховатый (гранулярный) эндоплазматический ретикулум   система плоских мешочков в цитоплазме цистерн, стенка которых состоит из мембраны. К внешней поверхности мембраны… …   Толковый англо-русский словарь по нанотехнологии. - М.

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  • endoplasmic reticulum — noun Date: 1947 a system of interconnected vesicular and lamellar cytoplasmic membranes that functions especially in the transport of materials within the cell and that is studded with ribosomes in some places see cell illustration …   New Collegiate Dictionary

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