elm

/elm/, n.

1. any tree of the genus Ulmus, as U. procera (English elm), characterized by the gradually spreading columnar manner of growth of its branches. Cf. American elm, elm family.

2. the wood of such a tree.

[bef. 1000; ME, OE; c. OHG elm; akin to ON almr, L ulmus]

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I

Any of about 18 species of forest and ornamental shade trees that make up the genus Ulmus (family Ulmaceae), native mostly to northern temperate areas.

Many are grown for their height and attractive foliage. The leaves are doubly toothed and often lopsided at the base. The flowers, which lack petals, appear before the leaves and are borne in clusters. Seeds are borne in a samara (dry, winged fruit). The American elm (U. americana) has dark gray, ridged bark and elliptical leaves. Many species are susceptible to Dutch elm disease. Elm wood is important for boats and farm buildings because it is durable in water; it is also used for furniture. See also slippery elm.

Leaves and fruit of an American elm tree.

Kitty Kahout/Root Resources

II

(as used in expressions)

Dutch elm disease

slippery elm

red elm

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▪ tree

      (genus Ulmus), any of about 18 species of forest and ornamental shade trees of the family Ulmaceae native primarily to North Temperate areas. Many are cultivated for their height and attractive foliage. Elm leaves are doubly toothed and often lopsided at the base. The petalless flowers appear before the leaves and are borne in clusters on jointed stems. The nutlike fruit, surrounded by a flat, sometimes hairy, winglike structure, is called a samara.

      The American elm (U. americana), of eastern North America, may grow 24 to 30 m (about 80 to 100 feet) tall. It has dark gray, ridged bark and elliptical leaves. Slippery, or red, elm (U. rubra), a shorter species with a similar but smaller distribution, has a gluelike substance in the inner bark, which was formerly steeped in water as a remedy for throat ailments, powdered for use in poultices, and chewed as a thirst-quencher. Rock, or cork, elm (U. thomasii) has hard wood and twigs that often develop corky ridges.

      Introduced species planted as ornamentals include Chinese elm (U. parvifolia), a small-leaved species with interesting mottled bark; English elm (U. procera), with a compact crown and deeply fissured bark; Wych elm (U. glabra), with smoother bark; and Camperdown elm (U. glabra camperdownii), a variety of Wych elm also known as umbrella elm because of its drooping branches. The fast-growing Siberian elm (U. pumila), a brittle-twigged, weak-wooded tree, is sometimes planted for quick shade and for windbreaks.

      Many elm species are susceptible to Dutch elm disease (a fungoid disease) and to elm phloem necrosis. Resistant strains are preferred for planting. Elm wood is important for boats and farm buildings because it is durable under water; it also is used for furniture.

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