Spinola Family

Spinola Family

▪ Italian family
      one of the noble families that dominated the history of Genoa, Italy, during the city-state's great period, from the 12th to the 14th century.

      They were descended from a younger son of Ido, the viscount who ruled Genoa in the 10th century as the representative of its feudal lord, the Marchese Obertinghi. The Spinola furnished many consuls to the aristocratic “consular” commune of the 12th century. Guido Spinola served as consul several times between 1102 and 1121. In 1190 his descendant, also named Guido, commanded a Genoese fleet in the Third Crusade, afterward being repeatedly elected consul and serving on a number of embassies.

      During the first half of the 13th century, in predominantly Guelf (Guelf and Ghibelline) (pro-papal) Genoa, the Spinola headed the Ghibellines, the party supporting the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II in the factional struggles of the period. Niccolò Spinola (d. 1240) became grand admiral of Frederick's fleet. In 1237 Guglielmo Spinola led an unsuccessful coup against the Guelf podesta (chief magistrate), who sentenced the rebels to exile and destruction of their houses and property but revoked the sentence on intervention of the archbishop of Genoa. In 1270 Oberto Spinola and Oberto Doria (Doria Family) instituted the first of a series of governments headed by members of their two families when they seized power as captains of the people. The two men ruled Genoa for the 15 years that have been termed the golden age of the Genoese medieval commune. Other Spinola who served jointly with Doria as captains of the people were Oberto Spinola's son Corrado; Opizzino (Opicino) Spinola during Emperor Henry VII's invasion of Italy; and, after a long interruption, Galeotto Spinola in 1335. At that time the resumption of the rule of the two powerful families ended in a popular revolt and the installation of the first doge of Genoa (1339). The Spinola made several unsuccessful attempts to regain power.

      In later periods, first under the domination of Genoa by the Visconti of Milan and then by Spain, Austria, and France, the Spinola distinguished themselves as soldiers, prelates, ambassadors, and literary men. When the constitutional reforms of Andrea Doria reinstated the dogeship, Battista Spinola occupied that office from 1531 to 1533. Notable among the family's military men was the Spanish general Ambrogio di Spinola (1569–1630). The family contributed three archbishops to Genoa and 13 cardinals. Among its literary figures were several historians, including Massimiliano Spinola (1812–79), the author of works on Ligurian history. Among the famous women of the family was Laura di Negro Spinola (d. 1838), who aided the cause of Giuseppe Mazzini, the Italian revolutionary patriot, and his followers.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Spinola, Christopher Royas de — • Bishop of Wiener Neustadt, born of a noble Spanish family, near Roermond in Gelderland in 1626; died at Wiener Neustadt, 12 March, 1695 Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006 …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Spinola, Ambrogio di Filippo, Marqués De Los Balbases — ▪ Spanish military officer born 1569, Genoa [Italy] died Sept. 25, 1630, Castelnuovo Scrivia       an outstanding military commander in the service of Spain and one of the ablest soldiers of his time. Though he won fame in the wars against the… …   Universalium

  • Spinola — This ancient surname is recorded in some forty spelling forms. These range from Epine, Lepine, Delepine, (French) to Espinas and Espinoza (Spanish) and Spinelli (Italian). The surname is usually recorded in most dictionaries of surnames as being… …   Surnames reference

  • Opicino Spinola — Opecino Spinola was a political leader in Genoa in the early 15th Century. He was one of the richest men in Genoa in his time. Spinola s daughter, Argentina Spinola, married Theodore I of Montferrat. After this marriage Spinola used his wealth to …   Wikipedia

  • Oberto Spinola — was an Italian politician, a leader of the Republic of Genoa in the 13th century. Born in Genoa, he was a member of the Ghibelline Spinola Family. In 1270 he started a co dictatorship with Oberto Doria, also a Ghibelline. His son Corrado fought… …   Wikipedia

  • Ambrogio Spinola, marqués de los Balbases — Don Ambrogio Spinola Doria, marqués de los Balbases (1569 ndash;September 25, 1630), was an Italian general, at the service of Spain. Is often called Ambrosio , especially in Spanish speaking countries. He was born in Genoa, the eldest son of… …   Wikipedia

  • Maximilian Spinola — (Italian: Massimiliano Spinola; July 10, 1780[1] – November 12, 1857) was an Italian entomologist. Contents 1 Background 2 Research 3 Works …   Wikipedia

  • António Sebastião Spínola — (Madeira, Machico, Porto da Cruz, July 13, 1875 [Baptised in Madeira, Machico, Porto da Cruz, on August 2, 1875.] ndash; Madeira, Machico, Porto da Cruz, March 19, 1956), was a Inspector General of Finances and Chief of Cabinet of the Finance… …   Wikipedia

  • Christopher Royas de Spinola —     Christopher Royas de Spinola     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Christopher Royas de Spinola     Bishop of Wiener Neustadt, born of a noble Spanish family, near Roermond in Gelderland in 1626; died at Wiener Neustadt, 12 March, 1695. Educated at… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Cristoval Royas de Spinola — (or Christopher, Rojas), born of a noble Spanish family, near Roermond in Gelderland in 1626; died at Wiener Neustadt, 12 March 1695, was a Spanish Franciscan diplomat and Bishop of Wiener Neustadt. Life Educated at Cologne, he entered the… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”