ophthalmoplegia

ophthalmoplegia

▪ eye disorder
also called  extraocular muscle palsy 
   paralysis of the extraocular muscles (muscle) that control the movements of the eye (eye, human). Ophthalmoplegia usually involves the third (oculomotor), fourth (trochlear), or sixth (abducens) cranial nerves (cranial nerve). double vision is the characteristic symptom in all three cases. In oculomotor paralysis the muscles controlling the eye are affected in such a way that the eye drifts outward and slightly downward and has difficulty turning inward and upward. In addition, the upper eyelid of the affected eye usually droops, a condition called ptosis, and the pupil may be enlarged. If the pupil is abnormally large, the possibility of a cerebral aneurysm arises. This can be associated with pain. Trochlear paralysis, involving another muscle, the superior oblique, causes a vertical deviation of the affected eye. Abducens nerve paralysis affects still another ocular muscle, the lateral rectus, such that the affected eye turns inward toward the nose and cannot fully turn outward.

      Ophthalmoplegia can be caused by congenital abnormalities, trauma, complications of viral infections, or disorders that affect the nervous system, including multiple sclerosis, cerebral tumours (tumour), migraines (migraine), and vascular ( blood vessel) disease such as that associated with diabetes (diabetes mellitus). Ophthalmoplegia can also occur as a complication of muscle disorders such as myasthenia gravis, although it is usually associated with other muscular symptoms. Treatment of ophthalmoplegia is directed at correcting any underlying disorders, if possible. In many cases, isolated nerve palsies resolve on their own over time, and treatment consists of patching the affected eye to alleviate any transient double vision. eyeglasses fitted with prisms or surgical intervention may be helpful for people with long-standing ophthalmoplegia.

Daniel M. Albert David M. Gamm
 

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Universalium. 2010.

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • ophthalmoplegia — Paralysis of one or more of the ocular muscles. [ophthalmo + G. plege, stroke] chronic progressive external o. (CPEO) a specific type of slowly worsening weakness of the ocular muscles, usually associated with a …   Medical dictionary

  • ophthalmoplegia — n. paralysis of the muscles of the eye. Internal ophthalmoplegia affects the muscles inside the eye: the iris (which controls the size of the pupil) and also the ciliary muscle (which is responsible for accommodation). External ophthalmoplegia… …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • Ophthalmoplegia progressiva externa — Klassifikation nach ICD 10 H49.4 Ophthalmoplegia progressiva externa …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Ophthalmoplegia interna — Klassifikation nach ICD 10 H49.0 Lähmung des N. oculomotorius [III. Hirnnerv] …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • ophthalmoplegia — noun A complete paralysis of the extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements …   Wiktionary

  • ophthalmoplegia — n. paralysis of the muscles of the eyeball …   English contemporary dictionary

  • ophthalmoplegia — [ɒfˌθalmə(ʊ) pli:dʒə, ɒpˌθalmə(ʊ) pli:dʒə] noun Medicine paralysis of the muscles within or surrounding the eye. Derivatives ophthalmoplegic adjective …   English new terms dictionary

  • ophthalmoplegia — oph·thal·mo·ple·gia …   English syllables

  • ophthalmoplegia — noun paralysis of the motor nerves of the eye • Hypernyms: ↑paralysis, ↑palsy …   Useful english dictionary

  • total ophthalmoplegia — ophthalmoplegia totalis ophthalmoplegia that affects both the extrinsic and intrinsic muscle structures of the eye …   Medical dictionary

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