enzyme analysis

enzyme analysis

      in blood serum (serum), measurement (blood analysis) of the activity of specific enzymes (enzyme) in a sample of blood serum, usually for the purpose of identifying a disease. The enzymes normally are concentrated in cells and tissues where they perform their catalytic function; in disease, however, certain enzymes tend to leak into the circulation from the injured cells and tissues. More than 50 enzymes have been found in human serum; in routine clinical practice, the most common ones include (1) amylase, a starch-digesting enzyme that originates chiefly from the pancreas and salivary glands; its serum activity is usually elevated in the early stages of acute inflammation of the pancreas, in obstruction of the pancreatic duct, and in mumps; (2) lipase, a fat-digesting enzyme that also originates in the pancreas and that shows the same clinical variations as amylase in disorders involving the pancreas; (3) alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme found in most body tissues, notably in bone and liver, and that usually shows elevated serum values in such conditions as Paget's disease (Paget disease of bone) (inflammation of the bone) and osteomalacia (softening of the bone), as well as in hepatitis and obstructive jaundice; (4) acid phosphatase, an enzyme found in most body tissue but in unusually high concentration in the adult prostate gland; it is released into the circulation in metastatic cancer of the prostate (prostatic disorder); (5) peptidases (proteolytic enzyme), a group of enzyme-digesting proteins found in greater concentrations in the serum in conditions associated with excessive tissue breakdown, such as shock, fever, and traumatic injury, and in anemia resulting from fragility or increased destruction of the red blood cells; (6) transaminases (transaminase), namely, glutamic-aspartic transaminase and glutamic-alanine transaminase, enzymes that are found in most body tissues, but in particularly high concentrations in the liver and heart tissue, and are usually substantially increased in serum in disorders involving the liver, such as hepatitis, and the heart, such as myocardial infarction.

      As with other types of blood analyses, enzyme assays have been automated with autoanalyzers, which make it possible to obtain data on the serum activity of up to 20 or more enzymes simultaneously on one sample of serum.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Enzyme kinetics — is the study of the chemical reactions that are catalysed by enzymes, with a focus on their reaction rates. The study of an enzyme s kinetics reveals the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme, its role in metabolism, how its activity is controlled,… …   Wikipedia

  • Enzyme inhibitor — Enzyme inhibitors are molecules that bind to enzymes and decrease their activity. Since blocking an enzyme s activity can kill a pathogen or correct a metabolic imbalance, many drugs are enzyme inhibitors. They are also used as herbicides and… …   Wikipedia

  • Enzyme catalysis — is the catalysis of chemical reactions by specialized proteins known as enzymes. Catalysis of biochemical reactions in the cell is vital due to the very low reaction rates of the uncatalysed reactions. The mechanism of enzyme catalysis is similar …   Wikipedia

  • Enzyme —   [zu griechisch en »in« und zýmē »Sauerteig«], Singular Enzym das, s, Biokatalysatoren, veraltete Bezeichnung: Fermẹnte, in allen lebenden Organismen vorkommende, intrazellulär gebildete, hochmolekulare Eiweißstoffe (Proteine), die chemische… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique — Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique, or EMIT, is a common method for screening urine and blood for drugs, whether legal or illicit. It is part of the homogeneous immunoassay.The technique is relatively nonspecific compared to some other… …   Wikipedia

  • Enzyme assay — Beckman DU640 UV/Vis spectrophotometer. Enzyme assays are laboratory methods for measuring enzymatic activity. They are vital for the study of enzyme kinetics and enzyme inhibition. Contents …   Wikipedia

  • Enzyme — Biocatalyst redirects here. For the use of natural catalysts in organic chemistry, see Biocatalysis. Human glyoxalase I. Two zinc ions that are needed for the enzyme to catalyze its reaction are shown as purp …   Wikipedia

  • Enzyme-activated MR contrast agents — Molecular imaging is broadly defined as the visualization of molecular and cellular processes on either a macro or microscopic level. Because of its high spatial resolution and ability to noninvasively visualize internal organs, magnetic… …   Wikipedia

  • analysis — /euh nal euh sis/, n., pl. analyses / seez /. 1. the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements (opposed to synthesis). 2. this process as a method of studying the nature of something or of determining its… …   Universalium

  • OLIGO Primer Analysis Software — Developer(s) Molecular Biology Insights, Inc. Stable release 7.54 / March 23, 2011 Operating system Windows, Macintosh Platform Mac, PC …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”