Bryce, James Bryce, Viscount

Bryce, James Bryce, Viscount

▪ British statesman
born May 10, 1838, Belfast, Ire.
died Jan. 22, 1922, Sidmouth, Devon, Eng.
 British politician, diplomat, and historian best known for his highly successful ambassadorship to the United States (1907–13) and for his study of U.S. politics, The American Commonwealth, which remains a classic.

      At Trinity College, Oxford (B.A., 1862; doctor of civil law, 1870), Bryce wrote a prize essay that was published in book form as The Holy Roman Empire (1864). In 1867 he was called to the bar, and from 1870 to 1893 he served as regius professor of civil law at Oxford, where, with Lord Acton, he founded the English Historical Review (1885). From 1880 to 1907 he was a Liberal member of the House of Commons, serving as undersecretary of state for foreign affairs (1886), chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster (1892), and president of the Board of Trade (1894–95). During those two years he also presided over what came to be called the Bryce Commission, which recommended the establishment of a ministry for education.

      At about this time he began to attack the expansionist British policy that led to the South African War (1899–1902). Thus, when Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, who had also opposed the war, became prime minister in December 1905, he appointed Bryce chief secretary for Ireland.

      Bryce, who had made the first of his several visits to the U.S. in 1870, was sent as ambassador to Washington, D.C., in February 1907. He already had made many friends in American political, educational, and literary circles and had become widely popular in the U.S. for The American Commonwealth, 3 vol. (1888), in which he expressed admiration for the American people and their government. As ambassador he dealt principally with U.S.–Canadian relations, which he greatly improved, in part by personal consultation with the Canadian governor general and ministers. In the process he also bettered relations between Great Britain and Canada, securing Canadian acceptance of an arbitration convention (April 4, 1908) originally signed by Great Britain and the United States. He retired as ambassador in April 1913.

      On Jan. 1, 1914, Bryce was created a viscount. In the same year he became a member of the International Court of Justice, The Hague. Later, during World War I, he headed a committee that judged Germany guilty of atrocities in Belgium and France. Subsequently, he advocated the establishment of the League of Nations.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • James Bryce, 1. Viscount Bryce — OM, GCVO, FRS, PC, FBA (* 10. Mai 1838 in Belfast; † 22. Januar 1922 in Sidmouth) war ein britischer Jurist, Historiker und Politiker aus …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • James Bryce — James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce (* 10. Mai 1838 in Belfast; † 22. Januar 1922 in Sidmouth, war ein britischer Jurist, Historiker und Politiker aus Belfast. Nach dem Studium in Glasgow wirkte er zunächst als Jurist in London, später als Professor… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • James Bryce — James Bryce, 1er vicomte Bryce, OM, GCVO, FRS, PC, FBA, né à Belfast le 10 mai 1838 et mort à Sidmouth le 22 janvier 1922, est un juriste …   Wikipédia en Français

  • James Tait Black Memorial Prize — Fondé en 1919, le James Tait Black Memorial Prize est l un des plus importants prix littéraires britanniques. Chaque année, il récompense des auteurs écrivant en langue anglaise et se divise en deux catégories : la fiction et la biographie.… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Bryce —   [braɪs], James, 1. Viscount (seit 1914), britischer Politiker, Diplomat und Historiker, * Belfast 10. 5. 1838, ✝ Sidmouth (County Devon) 22. 1. 1922; 1870 93 Professor für Zivilrecht in Oxford, 1880 1907 Mitglied des Unterhauses. 1894/95 war… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce — Infobox revolution biography name = The Rt. Hon. The Viscount Bryce lived = May 10, 1838 January 22, 1922 dateofbirth = birth date|1838|5|10|mf=y placeofbirth = Belfast, Ireland dateofdeath = death date and age|1922|1|22|1838|5|10|mf=y… …   Wikipedia

  • Bryce — /bruys/, n. James, 1st Viscount, 1838 1922, British diplomat, historian, and jurist: born in Ireland. * * * …   Universalium

  • Bryce — [[t]braɪs[/t]] n. big James, 1st Viscount, 1838–1922, British diplomat, historian, and jurist: born in Ireland …   From formal English to slang

  • Bryce — /bruys/, n. James, 1st Viscount, 1838 1922, British diplomat, historian, and jurist: born in Ireland …   Useful english dictionary

  • Bryce — is a surname of Scottish origin.People;Surname *Alfredo Bryce (b. 1939), Peruvian author *Colette Bryce (b. 1970), Northern Ireland poet *David Bryce (1803–1876), Scottish architect *Dennis Bryce (contemporary), Samoan football player *Elizabeth… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”