Jacquard, Joseph-Marie

Jacquard, Joseph-Marie
born July 7, 1752, Lyon, Fr.
died Aug. 7, 1834, Oullins

French inventor.

In 1801 he demonstrated an automatic loom incorporating revolutionary new technology; it was declared public property in 1806, and Jacquard was rewarded with a pension and a royalty on each machine. His loom utilized interchangeable punched cards that controlled the weaving of the cloth so that any desired pattern could be obtained automatically. The Jacquard loom's technology became the basis of the modern automatic loom and a precursor of the modern computer. His punched cards were adapted by Charles Babbage as an input/output medium for his proposed analytical engine and by Herman Hollerith to feed data to his census machine, and punched cards were used for inputting data into early digital computers.

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▪ French inventor
born July 7, 1752, Lyon, France
died Aug. 7, 1834, Oullins
 French inventor of the Jacquard loom (see photograph—>), which served as the impetus for the technological revolution of the textile industry and is the basis of the modern automatic loom.

      Jacquard first formed the idea for his loom in 1790, but his work was cut short by the French Revolution, in which he fought on the side of the Revolutionaries in the defense of Lyon. In 1801 Jacquard demonstrated an improved drawloom, for which he was awarded a bronze medal. He continued his work, and in 1804–05 he introduced an attachment that has caused any loom that uses it to be called a Jacquard loom (q.v.). In 1806 the loom was declared public property, and Jacquard was rewarded with a pension and a royalty on each machine.

      His machine aroused bitter hostility among the silk weavers, who feared that its labour-saving capabilities would deprive them of jobs. The weavers of Lyon not only burned machines that were put into production but attacked Jacquard as well. Eventually, the advantages of the loom brought about its general acceptance, and by 1812 there were 11,000 in use in France. In 1819 Jacquard was awarded a gold medal and the Cross of the Legion of Honour. The use of his loom spread to England in the 1820s and from there virtually worldwide.

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Universalium. 2010.

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Jacquard, Joseph-Marie — (1752 1834)    inventor    Born in lyon, the son of a weaver, Joseph Marie Jacquard developed the Jacquard loom, which enabled a single operator to weave complex patterns. The Jacquard loom began a technological revolution in the textile industry …   France. A reference guide from Renaissance to the Present

  • Jacquard,Joseph Marie — Jac·quard (jăkʹärd , jə kärdʹ, zhä kärʹ), Joseph Marie. 1752 1834. French inventor of the jacquard loom (1801), the first automatic loom able to weave complex patterns. * * * …   Universalium

  • Jacquard, Joseph-Marie — ► (1752 1834) Tejedor de seda francés. Inventó un dispositivo que permite la separación automática de los hilos de la urdimbre para dar paso a la trama, por complicados que sean los dibujos a tejer. Esta innovación contribuyó al progreso de la… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Jacquard, Joseph Marie —    A Frenchman who invented a loom attachment in 1804 that made it possible to weave complex figured patterns in cloth, his namesake …   Historical Dictionary of the Fashion Industry

  • Joseph-Marie Jacquard — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Jacquard. Joseph Marie Jacquard …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Joseph Marie Jacquard — (* 7. Juli 1752 in Lyon; † 7. August 1834 in Oullins) war ein französischer Erfinder, der durch seine Weiterentwicklung des Webstuhls entscheidend zur industriellen Revolution beitrug …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Joseph-Marie Jacquard — (eigentlich Joseph Marie Charles genannt Jacquard, * 7. Juli 1752 in Lyon; † 7. August 1834 in Oullins) war ein französischer Erfinder, der durch seine Weiterentwicklung des Webstuhls entscheidend zur industriellen Revolution beitrug. Leben… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Joseph Marie Jacquard — Joseph Marie Jacquard. Joseph Marie Jacquard (n.Lyon, 7 de julio de 1752 m. Oullins, 7 de agosto de 1834) Fue un inventor francés conocido por automatizar, mediante el uso de tarjetas perforadas, el llamado telar de Jacquard. Hijo de un obrero… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Joseph Marie Jacquard — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Jacquard. Joseph Marie Jacquard Nom de naissance …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Joseph Marie Jacquard — (Lyon, 7 de julio de 1752 Oullins, 7 de agosto 1834) Fue un inventor francés conocido por automatizar, mediante el uso de tarjetas perforadas, el llamado telar de Jacquard Hijo de un obrero textil trabajó de niño en telares de seda, y… …   Enciclopedia Universal

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