sulfa drug

sulfa drug
any of a group of drugs closely related in chemical structure to sulfanilamide, having a bacteriostatic rather than a bacteriocidal effect: used in the treatment of various wounds, burns, and infections. Also called sulfa.
[1935-40]

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Common term for sulfonamide drug, any member of a class of synthetic antibacterial drugs with a particular chemical structure including both sulfur and nitrogen atoms.

Their effectiveness against bacteria was discovered in 1932 by Gerhard Domagk, and they became the first chemical substances systematically used against human bacterial infections. Sulfa drugs inhibit the growth and multiplication of certain bacteria (but do not kill them) by interfering with the synthesis of folic acid. Because of their toxicity and growing bacterial resistance, sulfa drugs are no longer in common use (except for urinary-tract infections, certain forms of malaria, and preventing infection of burns), having been largely superseded by less toxic antibiotics.

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also called  sulfonamide 

      any member of a group of synthetic antibiotics (antibiotic) containing the sulfanilamide molecular structure. Sulfa drugs were the first chemical substances systematically used to treat and prevent bacterial infections in humans.

      The antibacterial effects of sulfonamides were first observed in 1932, when German bacteriologist and pathologist Gerhard Domagk (Domagk, Gerhard) noted the effects of the red dye Prontosil on Streptococcus infections in mice. It was later proved by French researchers that the active agent of Prontosil was sulfanilamide, or para-aminobenzenesulfonamide, a product of the body's metabolism of Prontosil. By the 1940s sulfanilamide was a widely used drug. During World War II white sulfanilamide powders became standard in first aid kits for the treatment of open wounds, and sulfanilamide tablets were taken to fight intestinal infections. Though the medicine was relatively safe, allergic reactions such as skin rashes, fever, nausea, vomiting, and even mental confusion were common. With the introduction of less toxic derivatives and especially with the mass production of penicillin, its use declined.

      Many other sulfa drugs were derived from sulfanilamide in the 1940s, including sulfathiazole (systemic bacterial infections), sulfadiazine (urinary tract and intestinal tract infections), and sulfamethazine (urinary tract infections). However, all sulfa drugs induced some of the side effects listed above, and bacteria developed resistant strains after exposure to the drugs. Within a few decades the sulfa drugs had lost favour to more effective and less toxic antibiotics.

      Trisulfapyrimidine (triple sulfa), a combination of sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine, is used in the treatment of vaginal infections, and several sulfa drugs are used in combination with antibiotics to treat a wide range of conditions, from skin burns to malaria to pneumonia in AIDS patients.

      Sulfa drugs are bacteriostatic; i.e., they inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria but do not kill them. They act by interfering with the synthesis of folic acid (folate), a member of the vitamin B complex present in all living cells. Most bacteria make their own folic acid from simpler starting materials; humans and other higher animals, however, must obtain folic acid in the diet. Thus, sulfa drugs can inhibit the growth of invading microorganisms without harming the host.

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Universalium. 2010.

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Sulfa drug — One of the sulfonamides, the sulfa related antibiotics which are used to treat bacterial and some fungal infections. The first sulfa drug was prontosil. It was discovered by the German physician and chemist Gerhard Domagk in 1935. The sulfa… …   Medical dictionary

  • sulfa drug — noun antibacterial consisting of any of several synthetic organic compounds capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria that require PABA • Syn: ↑sulfa, ↑sulpha, ↑sulfonamide • Hypernyms: ↑antibacterial, ↑antibacterial drug, ↑bactericide …   Useful english dictionary

  • sulfa drug — (Roget s IV) n. Varieties include: sulfathiazole, sulfanilamide, sulfapyridine, sulfadiazole, sulmefrin; see also drug 2 …   English dictionary for students

  • sulfa drug — sul′fa drug n. pha any of a group of drugs closely related in chemical structure to sulfanilamide, having a bacteriostatic effect: used in the treatment of various wounds, burns, and infections • Etymology: 1935–40 …   From formal English to slang

  • sulfa drug — noun Date: 1940 any of various synthetic organic bacteria inhibiting drugs that are sulfonamides derived especially from sulfanilamide …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • sulfa drug — noun Antibiotic drugs related to sulphonamide in chemical structure, tending to be bacteriostatic rather than bacteriocidal …   Wiktionary

  • sulfa drug — any of a group of synthetic organic compounds which inhibit bacterial growth …   English contemporary dictionary

  • sulfa drug — A type of antibiotic used to treat infection. Also called sulfonamide …   English dictionary of cancer terms

  • Drug, sulfa — One of the sulfonamides, the sulfa related antibiotics which are used to treat bacterial and some fungal infections. The first sulfa drug was prontosil. It was discovered by the German physician and chemist Gerhard Domagk in 1935. The sulfa… …   Medical dictionary

  • drug — drug1 /drug/, n., v., drugged, drugging. n. 1. Pharm. a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well being. 2. (in federal law) a. any substance… …   Universalium

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