émigré

émigré
/em"i gray'/; Fr. /ay mee grdday"/, n., pl. émigrés /-grayz'/; Fr. /-grdday"/.
1. an emigrant, esp. a person who flees from his or her native land because of political conditions.
2. a person who fled from France because of opposition to or fear of the revolution that began in 1789.
[1785-95; < F: n. use of ptp. of émigrer < L emigrare to EMIGRATE]

* * *

▪ French history
      any of the Frenchmen, at first mostly aristocrats, who fled France in the years following the French Revolution of 1789. From their places of exile in other countries, many émigrés plotted against the Revolutionary government, seeking foreign help in their goal of restoring the old regime. The Revolutionary leaders in France, fearful of their activity, took action against them: émigrés who did not return by January 1792 were liable to death as traitors; in the same year their property was confiscated by the state.

      Under the leadership of King Louis XVI's oldest brother, the comte de Provence (future king Louis XVIII), many émigrés set up a court at Koblenz in the Rhineland of Germany. One of their number, Louis-Joseph (Condé, Louis-Joseph, 8e prince de, Duc De Bourbon), prince de Condé, commanded an army of émigrés that assisted foreign powers in the wars against France, but the exiles never posed a serious military threat. A defeat at Quiberon Bay in southern Brittany in July 1795, in an attempt to aid a peasant revolt, resulted in the execution of over 600 émigrés.

      A great number of émigrés also took refuge in England. Louis XVI's brother the comte d'Artois (future king Charles X) spent most of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic years in England. Louis-Philippe, duc d'Orléans and head of the Orleanists (who would become King Louis-Philippe), arrived in England in 1800 after sojourns in Scandinavia and the United States.

      Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon I) granted the great majority of émigrés amnesty in 1802, and many returned to France. Their exile exposed the émigrés to new impressions and ideas. On their return, many, such as the writer François René de Chateaubriand, significantly influenced French culture. After the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy (1814), the émigrés became an important force in French politics, their views ranging from a moderate to an extreme royalist position. Their petitioning resulted in the Law of Indemnity of 1825, designed to reimburse the most needy of those who lost their lands. The gradual disappearance of the émigrés, along with King Louis-Philippe's indifference to their cause, ended their influence.

* * *


Universalium. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Emigre — Inc. ist ein US amerikanisches Grafikdesignunternehmen und einer der ersten Independent Schriften und Softwareverlage (Foundry). Emigre wurde 1984 in Berkeley, Kalifornien, von den Designern und Typografen Rudy VanderLans und Zuzana Licko… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • émigré — émigré, ée [ emigre ] n. • 1791; de émigrer 1 ♦ Hist. Personne qui se réfugia hors de France sous la Révolution. 2 ♦ Personne qui s est expatriée pour des raisons politiques, économiques, etc., par rapport à son pays. ⇒ exilé, expatrié. « ces… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Emigre — Emigre, also known as Emigre Graphics, is a type foundry in Berkeley, California, founded by Rudy VanderLans and Zuzana Licko. It also published Emigre magazine between 1984 and 2005. Note that unlike the word émigré , Emigre is officially… …   Wikipedia

  • Émigré — is a French term that literally refers to a person who has migrated out, but often carries a connotation of politico social self exile.Historically, the word originally was applied to the French Protestants (Huguenots) who were forced to leave… …   Wikipedia

  • Emigre — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Emigre, revista de diseño gráfico y tipografía aparecida en California en 1984 y cerrada en 2005. Fue creada por Rudy VanderLans (diseñador de origen holandés), en conjunto con su esposa Susana Licko. Los primeros… …   Wikipedia Español

  • émigré — émigré, ée (é mi gré, grée) part. passé. 1°   Qui a émigré. Les prêtres émigrés. 2°   Substantivement. Celui ou celle qui a quitté son pays. Loi contre les émigrés. SYNONYME    ÉMIGRÉ, ÉMIGRANT. Émigrant est le participe présent ; émigré est le… …   Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré

  • Émigré — Émigré[1] es un término francés que literalmente se refiere a una persona que ha emigrado. A lo largo de la Historia, ha tenido a menudo connotaciones de autoexilio político, particularmente durante la Revolución francesa durante la cual se acuña …   Wikipedia Español

  • emigre — 1792, from Fr. émigré an emigrant, lit. pp. of émigrer emigrate (18c.), from L. emigrare (see EMIGRATION (Cf. emigration)). Originally used of royalist refugees from the French Revolution; extended 1920s to refugees from the Russian Revolution,… …   Etymology dictionary

  • émigré — or emigré [em′i grā΄, em΄i grā′] n. [Fr < pp. of émigrer < L emigrare: see EMIGRATE] 1. an emigrant 2. a person forced to flee his or her country for political reasons, as a Royalist during the French Revolution SYN. ALIEN …   English World dictionary

  • émigré — ÉMIGRÉ, ÉE, sub. se dit particulièrement des François qui, sans y être autorisés, sont sortis de France depuis la Révolution, et qui n y sont pas rentrés dans le délai accordé par la Loi. Être porté sur la liste des Émigrés. La Constitution… …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798

  • émigré — immigrant, alien, foreigner, outlander, outsider, *stranger …   New Dictionary of Synonyms

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”